What is a potential complication associated with long-term corticosteroid use?

Long-term use of corticosteroids is known to lead to osteoporosis, which is a condition characterized by weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures. Corticosteroids interfere with the bone remodeling process, by inhibiting the function of osteoblasts (the cells responsible for bone formation) and promoting the apoptosis of these cells. This imbalance in bone metabolism results in decreased bone density over time, making bones more fragile and susceptible to fractures, particularly in weight-bearing areas.

While hypertension, weight gain, and insomnia can occur with corticosteroid use, osteoporosis is particularly significant due to its long-term implications on skeletal health. It often develops silently, increasing the risk of fractures without any prior symptoms, which makes regular monitoring and preventive measures essential for patients on prolonged corticosteroid therapy.