Which is a common side effect of opioid pain relievers?

Opioid pain relievers frequently lead to constipation as a common side effect. This occurs because opioids bind to specific receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, decreasing peristalsis, which slows down the movement of stool through the intestines. This can result in harder stools and difficulty in passing them, making constipation a prevalent issue for patients using these medications.

The physiological mechanism behind this side effect is due to the effects of opioids on the mu-opioid receptors found in the gut. When these receptors are activated, they inhibit gastrointestinal motility, leading to reduced gut movement and, consequently, constipation.

Patients taking opioid painkillers are often advised to manage this side effect proactively through dietary changes, hydration, and potentially the use of laxatives, as it can significantly impact their quality of life and overall comfort during treatment. Recognizing and addressing this side effect is an essential aspect of nursing care for patients prescribed opioids.